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In sandy deserts with large, open regions of sand and few rocks, dark meteorites stand out clearly.
It can be difficult to distinguish a meteorite from an Earth rock by appearance alone in most parts of the world, but there are some special places where they’re much easier to identify: deserts. Credit: NASA Ames Research Center / SETI / Peter Jenniskens
In theory, the Taurids and Geminids could send meteorites down to our surface every once in a while, but no remnants have been traced to them definitively.Ī student from the University of Khartoum, Sudan searches the desert terrain for meteorites. Small comet fragments generally won’t survive entry into our atmosphere. Most meteor showers come from comets, whose material is quite fragile. These meteorites, pieces of meteors that are found, typically range between the size of a pebble and a fist.ĭon’t expect to find meteorites after a meteor shower. Typically less than 5 percent of the original object will ever make it down to the ground. Traveling at tens of thousands of miles per hour, the object disintegrates as pressure exceeds the strength of the object, resulting a bright flare. Most space rocks smaller than a football field will break apart in Earth’s atmosphere. ** Estimated rate per hour in under perfect conditions, based on activity in recent years Finding Meteorites * For observers in the northern hemisphere. Sometimes, meteor dust is captured by high-altitude aircraft and analyzed in NASA laboratories. Most of this comet debris is between the size of a grain of sand and a pea and burns up in the atmosphere before reaching the ground. Other notable meteor showers include the Leonids, associated with comet Tempel-Tuttle the Aquarids and Orionids, linked to comet Halley, and the Taurids, associated with comet Encke. Every Perseid meteor is a tiny piece of the comet Swift-Tuttle, which swings by the Sun every 135 years. Perhaps the most famous are the Perseids, which peak around August 12 every year. Meteor showers are usually named after a star or constellation that is close to where the meteors appear to originate in the sky. Some meteor showers occur annually or at regular intervals as the Earth passes through the trail of dusty debris left by a comet (and, in a few cases, asteroids). When there are lots more meteors, you’re watching a meteor shower. Several meteors per hour can usually be seen on any given night. When a meteoroid survives its trip through the atmosphere and hits the ground, it’s called a meteorite. This is also when we refer to them as “shooting stars.” Sometimes meteors can even appear brighter than Venus - that’s when we call them “fireballs.” Scientists estimate that about 48.5 tons (44,000 kilograms) of meteoritic material falls on Earth each day. When meteoroids enter Earth’s atmosphere, or that of another planet, like Mars, at high speed and burn up, they’re called meteors. Some meteoroids are rocky, while others are metallic, or combinations of rock and metal. Some come from comets, others from asteroids, and some even come from the Moon and other planets. Most are pieces of other, larger bodies that have been broken or blasted off. NASA astronomer Peter Jenniskens with a asteroid meteorite found in the Nubian Desert of northern Sudan.
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